What exactly is
theme? Why does it matter? How do you even write it?
This
is yet another of those
rehashing-stuff-I've-mentioned-or-written-about-before posts. Yet
every time you look at something, you get a new insight. An apple
appears red at first; but then you can tell it's darker in some
places and lighter in others. Then you get past the simple look and
find that the inside isn't really red at all. And it tastes good,
too.
My
point is, theme is one of the most important parts of fiction for the
Christian fiction writer, and must be studied, therefore, more than
once. You get new stuff out of it with each fresh look.
What
is theme?
Theme
is simply the meaning
in the story you write. This is not to be confused with the
subcategory of theme, which I've nicknamed story-with-a-theme,
partners to story-with-a-message and story-with-a-faith. (Rather
confusing on my part, sorry.) In this post, however, theme simply
means the meaning in a
story and encompasses all three categories.
Now,
theme is an essential part of every story. Without theme, a story is
meaningless. It's fluff. It has no impact on your life. It's
escapism. Not bad in itself, but why waste your time on a
meaningless story when you could be doing something that's actually
constructive?
Theme,
however, is a big
subject. There's a multitude of different ideas about how to do
theme. I divide it into three aforementioned categories: theme (a
"moral of the story"), message (a more concealed Christian
theme, such as in allegories and Narnia), and faith (the kind of
story in which faith in God is an integral part: Bryan Davis and
Christopher Hopper's books are examples of this).
In
this post, however, I'll address the action and abandon the
analytics. (Alliteration. Hah!) Before you read much further,
however, make sure you're in the right place. Your writing isn't
yours, remember. It's God's. If you're trying to manufacture a
theme without Him, and all truth is in Him, then are you really
making a theme?
Now,
there are many different opinions about writing theme. Writing
genius Jeff Gerke, whom I respect quite a bit, suggests that story is
king; you'll write a story and discover that you'll get a theme on
the way. I disagree.
I am
of the opinion that you need to find
your theme to write it. I manage to work pretty well off the seat of
my pants, but before I ever touch pen to paper, I know my theme.
How do
you find your theme, then? What do you find in a theme? How does a
theme work?
List
time!
1) A
theme must come integrally
from the plot and characters. They all work together.
In my
Will Vullerman short story, The Reality Ring,
my character gets into a mess because he rather recklessly traps
himself in an alternate reality. Why? Because he was a little bored
with life. Running missions for the ASP was his life, and when that
was taken away, he didn't have much left. The theme of the story was
about Will rediscovering his purpose in life, and having a pretty
rollicking adventure along the way. The story was tied to the theme,
and vice versa.
This
is why theme is often hard; because you're trying too hard. If you
look closely, you'll find the theme was in there in the plot all
along. All you need to do is find it and show the reader what it is.
In battles, you'll find courage, heroism; in the quest, you'll
discover perseverance, fortitude; in the long journey, friendship,
fellowship, camaraderie; in the characters, redemption, love, and
sacrifice. The themes are there, but like a diamond in the rock, you
need to dig them out and make them shine.
2) A
theme often involves character change.
As we
saw in the above example, the theme is often found in a character
change. In other words, my character learned
something.
In The
War Horn, my main character
embarks on a quest, and the quest changes him. In the end, he can't
be who he was anymore. He gives up himself and becomes a better
person as a result, learning what freedom truly is. The theme drove
the plot, so to speak. As Daniel Schwabauer puts it, a character
changes when the cost of not changing becomes too high.
The
theme quite often revolves around the character. Because in the
character, we see ourselves. If we truly empathize with a character,
it's because we understand him. When the character changes, we find
that we can change too.
3) To
show theme, thread it through the story.
Once you've
discovered your theme, to make it most effective, you need to thread
it through the story. Another of my Will Vullerman stories, In
Stasis, had the theme of God's mercy woven throughout it. The
ending was meaningful because I had foreshadowed it, so to speak, by
introducing the theme in the beginning of the story. Again, in The
Reality Ring, the theme was introduced from the very first page
and tied up in the ending.
In The War Horn,
my character repeatedly was given opportunities to truly see freedom
as it must be, and not as he saw it. He failed each time, and each
time the stakes grew higher. But by the end, the cost of not
changing became too high, and he finally chose correctly. In that
way, the theme was continued throughout the story, and finally
resolved in the end. In fact, the last word of the book is free.
4) To help in
showing theme, embody it in a symbol.
I first came up
with the concept of a war horn after listening to an inspirational
One Year Adventure Novel lecture called Symbols. In that lecture,
Daniel Schwabauer explained that a theme or an ideal can be embodied
in a symbol.
In The War Horn,
the horn is the symbol of freedom, and also a reminder of my main
character's lost father. At the climax of the story, rather than
saying that my character chose freedom, I used the war horn to show
my character's choice. (But for the full details of that theme,
you'll have to read the book yourself!)
Symbols often make
the reader dig for meaning. They create a feeling of satisfaction
deep within the readers' souls that a simple statement can never do.
5) Reach out of the
story and into real life.
The thing that
makes a theme a theme is that it matters to us. The characters we
love are the ones that spur us on. In a way, we say, "If he did
it, so can I."
Thus, a theme shows
us something that matters in actual life. In The Thirteenth Call,
yet another Will Vullerman short story, Will comes to the conclusion
that he can't do his mission alone. Time has run out and he has a
slim chance of saving his friends' lives; and all the time he is
haunted by the failure from his past. That's relevant to all of us,
because we all have failures in our past that haunt our present, and
we all need to know that there is Someone who is sovereign over it
all.
Ultimately, our job
is to point to the greatest Author of all. We reach out of our tale
and show our reader that the God of this story is the God of their
story. He's the Author of the saga of this world, and His gospel can
be traced throughout the world's bloody history, the light in this
otherwise dark tale. And He can take the darkness in each of us and
transform us in His light.
So what do you
think about theme? Are there any other ways you can think of to
write theme? Can you think of any great themes in books you've
read? Theme's one of my favorite subjects, after all. Let's talk.